Last Updated on: 21st November 2023, 10:32 pm
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model serves as a crucial framework for understanding network architecture and communication protocols. As a model developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the OSI model provides a systematic approach to data transmission and communication between computer systems. Thanks to its seven layers, the OSI is a hierarchical structure to simplify communication between networks and the devices within them.
In this article, we aim to explore the practical applications of the OSI model and see some real-world examples that highlight its role in network architecture. By analyzing these examples, we will underscore the significance of the OSI model in networking and demonstrate how it allows a seamless exchange of information between various types of systems and networks.
What is OSI?
Let’s shortly explain the OSI model before going into detail and explaining its layers that demonstrate its role in network infrastructure. The OSI is a conceptual framework that defines the interactions between computer systems and ensures interoperability. As we mentioned in the beginning, it was introduced by ISO back in the 80s.
But what is OSI Model? At its core, OSI structures and visualizes how data moves from one device or network to another. The main purpose of this model is to divide the complex process of computer communications into seven very distinct layers. Each of these layers has its own set of responsibilities and roles in network communication.
The seven layers of the OSI models are the following:
- Physical Layer
- Data Link Layer
- Network Layer
- Transport Layer
- Session Layer
- Presentation Layer
- Application Layer
We will talk more about these layers, but the main purpose of dividing this communication into layers is to allow engineers and network designers to address network functionality independently. They also facilitate communication between different network devices as long as they adhere to the standards of these layers.
Understanding this model is crucial for network designers to have a common language and framework to discuss network architectures, address network issues, and design scalable networks. By getting to know this model, users can gain insights into how data flows through a network and get sent to the recipient.
Real-World Example 1: Ethernet and Local Area Networks
In the fast-paced environment of an office, colleagues need a way to communicate on their computers with a fast, reliable, and secure connection. This interconnectedness is made possible by Ethernet, which is a critical part of the Data Link Layer of the OSI model.
Ethernet is a fundamental element of OSI and serves as the backbone of all Local Area Network (LAN) connections. It provides the foundational infrastructure for connecting computers, servers, and other network devices to create a digital ecosystem where information flows through.
The OSI model overall, plays a pivotal role in comprehending the inner workings of Ethernet and its function on LAN connections. At the Physical Layer, Ethernet cables transmit signals while the Data Link Layer provides reliable digital transmission. Within this layer, Ethernet II or IEEE 802.3 protocols come into play to ensure harmonious interaction between networks.
Real-World Example 2: IP Addressing and the Internet
The Internet is an integral part of our daily lives, and OSI has a lot to do with how we connect to the Internet and visit websites. Behind the scenes, the thing that allows this global interconnectivity is IP addressing.
IP addressing operates within the Network Layer of the OSI model and transfers data over the Internet. This process assigns unique identities to every identity on the Internet to facilitate communication and allow data to be transmitted between senders and recipients through the Network Layer.
The Network Layer enables this by logical addressing, routing, and packet forwarding. It ensures that data packets reach their destinations by navigating through interconnected networks based on their IP addresses.
Through IP addressing and the overall responsibility of the Network Layer, the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. These processes are enabling everything we do online from sending emails to visiting social media sites.
Real-World Example 3: Email Communication and SMTP
Email is an indispensable part of our daily communication from online promotions to business. Behind every email sent or received lies the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which is also closely tied to the OSI model.
SMTP resides within the Application Layer of the OSI model and creates a standard protocol for receiving and sending emails. Regardless of the technologies involved in networks or devices, SMTP allows efficient transmission of email communication.
The Application Layer focuses on providing the interfaces and services for applications to interact with the recipient network. SMTP, on this layer, is responsible for handling email messages and their transmission. By adhering to the principles of this layer, SMTP ensures the smooth and reliable routing of emails.
Real-World Example 4: Web Browsing and HTTP
Web browsing allows us to access a vast amount of information with just a click. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is at the center of this seamless experience. HTTP protocol operates within the Application Layer of the OSI model and outlines the rules and conventions for requesting and receiving hypertext documents.
The Application Layer of the OSI enables provides the framework for HTTP and enables everyday interaction between users and web servers. It encapsulates requests and responses, allows the display of web content, and ensures that information is delivered accurately and efficiently.
Thanks to the OSI model and HTTP that lies in one of its layers, web browsing allowed us to create a network of information that users can access daily and quickly. From simple searches to e-commerce operations, we owe everything that is related to web browsing to the OSI model.
Real-World Example 7: Cloud Computing and Virtualization
Cloud computing is now crucial for online businesses and it helps them store, access, and process data efficiently with lower costs. The OSI model allows this seamless operation and interoperability between different systems.
All layers of the OSI model align closely with cloud computing which is simply the delivery of on-demand computing resources over the Internet. OSI provides a framework for encompassing the various components involved in cloud computing.
At the lower layers of OSI, we see the virtualization technology. Virtualization creates virtual instances of operating systems and storage within a physical infrastructure. These instances provide efficient utilization of resources, scalability, and flexibility in the cloud environment.
There are two main layers of the OSI model that allows cloud computing: Application and Network Layers. While the Network Layer routes and transmits data across networks to deliver them to client devices, the Application Layer defines the standards for clients to access cloud-based applications.
